Flexible impervious and weatherproof material



June 29,1937 W W 2,085,473

FLEXIBLEIMPERVIOUS AND WEATHERPROOF MATERIAL Filed Jan. 30, 1931 INVENTOR.

ATTORNEYS.

so Patent d June 29, 1937 PATENT, omen;

n l 2,os5,47s W FLEXIBLE IMPERvIoUS' VWEATHER- w v,; Q rRoo MATERIAL i o inwanacnowe Cincinnati; Ohio, assixnor. I o s t Thc Paper Service Company,Lockland, Ohio o a corporation of Ohio The primary object of my invention is the provision of a novel flexible impervious and waterproof material having a'wide usefulness as herefinafter pointed out; "Another object is the provision of a composite material of creped paper and' woveniabric; or thellike,,in,which the fabric i with a protective substance. Still another object fhereinafter be more fully described.

Themore specific objects of my invention will beapparent from the ensuing description, ,and #151,, eference isnow madeto the drawingforming a part hereof In the drawing:

n its preferred form, together with theproductas so formed. n s

Figures 2, 3, and show in section several forms I of my productpj l l l While the structure of the product is itself describe as a specific embodiment of 'myprocess invention,

[means of athermo-plastic adhesive substance such asphaltor other bitumen, andthe joining 1 thereoftoa backing material. By this method L351 havemade composite fabrics consisting of a 3 g layer of creped paper joined to a layer of burlap,

, and such fabrics have found a wide usefulness maau b of arts, Aniimportant use is in the manufacture of bags employed for the shipment of fertilizerand thelikei in which the burlap, ly-,-,

sliteadditional strength, while the paperlining ,plmakes theibagrelatively impervious.

The particular creping process referred to reo *vetycharactenin which a great amount of stretch ,ymayl be incorporated when desired, and which is i eharacterized by acommercial absence of skips. In all of these particulars it'uis superior to a 50 water-creped sheet, and the particularcharac teristics of the crepeare produced by a positive binding action of the thermo-tplastic adhesive be- Itwill be obvious that this process delivers a Q (nor reinforcing structure is completelytencased in a protective structure, and completelyi coatedy of my invention is the"*production of a structure U or thisltype having special characteristics as will "Figure 1 illustrates semidiagrammatically an apparatus suitable for the formation of my prcdnovel withjrne, Ialso claim novelty in the product having the specific and preferred qualities imparted by the methodof formation which I shall In my: li atent No. 17,6331. have set. i forth and claimed a method of creping paper by t ingfoutside thepaper lining furnishes the requi- ,sults inltheproduction of a crepe of fine and vell tweenfthe'paper web and the creping cylinder.

creped sheet which is coated, and in which the .1"Application,Januaryj30, 1931 sunr s -512,311 16 Claims. looms-50) coating is substantially continuousywwithin and without the crinkles; \This also is advantageous in making for aoompletelycoatedsheet in which all of the stretch is retained; becausethe paper j is ereped conjoihtly with the-thermo-plastic binderflWhere paper previouslycreped is tobe coated with bitumen, in order to attain anything like a complete coating, a considerable portion of the stretch hasordinarily had to be :removed .from the paper; and furthermorewater-creped 10 sheets are characterizedby a relatively coarser crepe, skips, i. e; uncreped portions, and in general a smaller degree of stretchin proportion to l the thickness of the crepedweb. ,When following ,fout the process of my reissue patent hereinabove referred to, or modifications thereof; it is possible to use the thermo plastic adhesiveemployed in.

the creping operation tojoin the burlap or Tother backing material to the sheet; and this islfurther advantageous in that it makes for economy in manufacture, and enables me amount of adhesive used.

to control the In order that a bag or other articletoibe made,

therefrom shall be satisfactorily impervious and moisture-resistant, itis the practice to use a thermo-plastic{waterproof adhesive tsuchflas as- ,phalt. This has to be relatively carefully controlled as to amount so that it will not penetrate unduly to the far side of the burlap and produce stickinessunderfordinary conditions yet it must be sufllcientjin amount to provide a proper adhesion and waterproofing. Thus in some instances, particularly where bags of the character herein-- above described have been stacked one upon another soas to be subjected toconsi'derable pressure, and, particularly in summer weather or warm climates, or when filled with hot material, the bitumen has shown a tendency totpenetrate through the burlap and to stick-adjacent bags together or render thebag's somewhat diilicult 5 to handle. The burlap cannot becometrulysaturated, andunder, conditions of dampness and the like, the burlapvmay deteriorate and rot.' This is not ordinarilyoi primary importance in bags,

but it has prevented the use of the composite ma 5 ,tterial aforementioned in other arts such? as re-, quirea higher degree of weatherproofness and .the like, forexample, tarpaulins for the' temporary coverage of cement work or for {other construction uses. Forsuch uses,lthe fabric described would be inuchdmproved even for the manufacture of bags if the amount of adhesive substance could be relatively increased, but for the reasons given thishasnot beeniound possible.

My invention contemplates the provision of a I prefer to form it,

10 layers of paper creped by means of a thermoplastic adhesive substance as hereinabove described, the thermo-plastic, substance employed in the creping'being used in part at least as the adhesive cementing the paper to the burlap.

15 Other materials of fibrous-character, whether woven; spun, or not, may be substituted for the burlap, but for many uses,

7 preferable-and inexpensive. It will be understood a t forsome uses the coating of paper upon one 20 or bothsides of the composite material need not f-be coextensive with thebacking material.

- a compositesheet such as my invention contemplates, the double facing of paper further -'jlocks-theflbers and prevents their sliding and 25 bunching at the seams, when the material is sewn.

, FA- sewn seam in abag made of burlap alone is 5: subiecttoenlargement at the needle holes under 'streas, because the coarse strands of thejburlap "-can -slipand begathered-together leavinga con- 1 30 siderable openingbehind them. This is less like ly'to occur when. the burlap is faced with paper, 1

- in the single lined. product 'hereinabove re- 'ferred to. But in the double. lined product of my -invention, any slippage of, the strands is found sa tobe effectually prevented. In some instances,

particularly-whereexpense prohibits it, it is not necessary to cover both surfaces of the burlap completelywiththe paper lining. So'fa'r as the sewn: seam itself is concerned, the same result 4 may be .obtained by lapping the paper about the edge of the burlap, or; by running a separate strip of paper in the seam positions 'upon the opposite side of the product. The selvage of the burlap or otherv reinforcing material may be caused to .4 fall eitherat theside or bottom seams if desired. nAgain a double paper-faced material is easier to sew, because inthesingle lined material the "pressenfoot ,andd'eed dogs of the sewing machinettend to pick upasphalt through the burlap;

. so My new product is exceptionally neat in appeara anoe; extremely.tough and resistant to puncture, .wlcand easier on the hands of workmen. In some'instances old burlap may be'used in making it, be-

a 1 cause printing and the like on the burlap is ob-.

iscuredisand where strengthis a factor, I have found thatI can use lighter burlap in my product with attendant economy without sacrificing strength. 7 I I :Inthesingle lined product heretofore made,

as. has been noted, the, asphalt is frequently caused to penetrate through the mesh of the burlap either by heat alone or by pressure or a combination of the two, Whenever the asphalt penetrates the surface of the backing material,

" a the-fabric is rendered unsightly, bags made of it are apt to stick together and any printing upon 1 the surface thereofisobscured, The'material of myfinvcntionis completely effective in keeping I or other combining adhesive from .comingthrough under pressure because of the relatively non-porous nature of the paper surface as compared with the burlap or other'backing' Under conditions of heatyhowver, as

when m materialis loaded into the bags, there tendencyfor a bituminous adhesive to burlap will be found stain through the paper unless precautionary steps are taken. Thus, while the bitumen will not come through the paper surface in any such quantity as would cause sticking, there may be sufilcient saturation of the outer paper layer to cause a darkening of the surface thereof in spots.

' It is within the scope of my invention to treat the outerpaper layer to render it more impervious where theproduct is intended for use under extreme conditions.

I have found it possible to coat the surface of the paper next to the bitumen or other staining adhesive, or to saturate the layer of paper with such materials as glue, dextrine, starch or the like, in water solution. This is usually done, and the paper dried,prior to the adhesive joining of the paper and the backing material, and it may be done prior to the creping of the paper. I may also employ suchmaterials as rubber latex; and I have found all of these substances effective in preventing the asphalt layer from staining through. When using latex, care must be taken to avoidhaving too thick a layer of latex upon the surface of the paper next to the bitumen, since this may reduce the adhesion between the paper and the bitumen. Impervious paper such as parchment, or papers which have been made with an incorporated sizing substance, may be used without departing from the spirit of my invention, and also adhesive substances which do not have a staining effect upon penetration may be creped papers are being coated with asphalt and applied to burlap without disturbing the creping to any great extent,'it is possible to use a wide variety of sizing substances with entire satisfaction. Where it is not objectionableto have theinside of the bag or other structure, stained black by asphalt penetration, the outside layer alone may, of course, be treated.

I have illustrated in- Figure l semi-diagrammatically a mechanism suitable for the production of my preferred fabric. I have shown a creping cylinder I adapted to be carefully controlled as to temperature, to the surface of which I apply a coating of thermo-plastic substance by means of' the coating rollers 2, the outermost of which turns in a pan 3 of the thermoplastic substance. A web of paper 4, is led to the creping cylinder and is held theretoby the thermo-plastic adhesive substance which will preferably be tempered by the temperature controlling effect of the creping cylinder. The paper may be forced into contact with the creping cylinder by means of a pressure or back-up roll 5, and it is removed from burlap'or other backing material indicated at I and press it into contact with the adhesive by means of rolls 8.

I also prefer to provide a second creping machine'of similar construction, having a creping roll in, coating rolls 2a, a pan 3a, a back-up roll 50, and a doctor or knife to, as will now be readily understood. A second web of paper la is creped in this second mechanism, and is conducted to the burlap coated, creped sheet 4 and coated side of the creped web 4a. lying next the burlap. The'burlap is fed preferablyfrom a roll 8 and the paper webs 4 andAa respectively, from rolls i andiliahfl ,1 e

This procedure results in theEproduction of a composite material wcomprisingga reinforcing or, bodyfsubstance Tandlayers of creped paper 4 and 4d "cemented-thereto on either 1 side. Where the i substance is thin enough, and burlapis such a substance, the combined coats of adhesive upon the-ereped paper webs will -preferablypenetrate the body substance andseal the strands thereoi, surrounding them more or i less completely. ,In this way the burlap, whereburlap is iuse d, may be made water-resistant, and resistant to rotting ordisintegration. ,Wheredesirled, the body substance may first be saturated or treated with a bituminoussubstance or reservative, or a protective substance of any character desired before it is run between the paper webs. I T ous that various modifications maybe made in procedure 'without departing from the spirit of myinvention. In Figure 2,"Iahavey shown in sectionmy composite fabric in which the burlap, or otherreinrorcemene 1 creped paper 4 and 4a.. In Figure 3, by lapping the edges of the paper layer lbover the edges of is interleaved between layers of the burlap, as at H, I have produced a product which is double faced in part. Such a product is particularly adaptable to the manufacture of bags, where the blank may be so cut thatthe double faced portion forms the seams. In Figure 4, the lower paper web has been lapped over the edges of the burlap and over or beneath an upper paper web. This forms an exceptionally strong product having at least two of its edges closed with paper. The advantage of this product for use as a weatherproof covering will be apparent.

As a composite fabric, my material is relatively unlimited as to the amount of adhesive or saturant which may be employed in the body substance, and the disadvantages hereinabove noted of the composite materials heretofore used are not apparent in the material of myinvention. My material is, of course, doubly impervious, and in practice where I have used asphaltas a creping and adhesivesubstance, I have found that no amount jof pressureto beencountered under the condition heretofore mentioned will be sufllcient to drive the adhesive substance through the paper so as to causesticking. My material is commer cially waterproof, andmay be used as tarpaulins In the manufacture of bags it has and the like. the advantages which will be obvious fromthe foregoing description, and an additional advantage in thatthe amount of binder or adhesive substance employed serves in great measure to seal the needle holes of a sewn bag so as to prevent the siftingof its contents.

burlap as desired, or may readily be printed, or otherwise decorated. This is an additional advantage in bags, inasmuchas printing upon burlap is not particularly satisfactory. I may also use my product for wall covering or other decorative uses. By my process, as many alternate layers of creped Daperand, backing or body substance may be joined together as desired. 1 am not limited to asphalt as a thermo-plasticadhesive substance, but I may use any of the various tars,pitches,waxes, gums,bitumens,resinsand the I am not limited to the use of burlap as a like. body or reinforcing substance, since I may em- The creped paper may i be coated or colored onthe side away from the ploy other materials, either woven or felted, or not,

as desired, although for the uses herein particu m d upph the surface of the} paperlay in anyway desired, and coveredby the other, or

runinbetween the paper surfaces with or without prearrangement. WhereI employ strandslof a material liableto loss of "strength through atmospheric ormoisture conditions, such aspaperf rstripsgstrandls or twisted paper cords,=an'advanftage of my invention is that these strands may be jsurrounded and sealed by the adhesive andthe adjacent paper layers against thesaid conditions.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Pet exit, is: l I

l. A composite material comprising abody substance cementedby means of: a thermoplastic adhesive between layers of creped paper,oneof said layers being imperviousto said adhesive.

, 2. A composite material comprising a body substance, cemented by means of a bituminous adhesive between layers of creped paper, one of whereby it is imperviousto bitumen.

3. A composite material comprising a body substance cemented by means of a bituminous adhesive between layers of creped paper, one at least of said layers being treated with rubber latex. i

4. A composite material comprising at ;least cemented thereto by means of a staining adhesive andat least one continuous layer of stain preventing coating associated withsaid paper.

, continuous layer of stain preventing material also lying betweensaid cloth and said paper.

saidlayers being treated withasizing substance i one layer of cloth and a layer of creped paper 6. In a composite material, a, layer of backing substance and a layer of crepe paper in adhesive union therewith, a layer of staining adhesive 10- cated between said paper andsaid backing material and a continuous layer of stain preventing substance located between said paper and said adhesive layer.

i 7. In combination, a layer of cloth and a layer of paper cemented together with a bituminous adhesive, and aeontinuous layer of stain preventing coating associated with said paper layer.

8. In combination, a layer of cloth and a layer of paper in adhesive union, 9. bituminous adhesive layer located between said cloth and said paper, a continuous layer of stain preventing coating associated with said paper layer and a decorative material located with respect to said paper layer so as to be protected by said stain 9. In combination, a layerof cloth and a layer of creped paper in adhesive union, 9. layer of bitumen serving as the adhesive and located therebetween, and a continuous layer of stain preventing coating, associated with said paper layer whereby, decorative material may be imposed upon the paper side of said composite fabric without danger of said bituminous coating or the constituents thereof staining said decorative material. e

, preventing layer.

4 I 10. In a compositematerial, a layer'of backing substance anda layer of crepedpaper in adhesiveunion therewith, alayeroi staining adhesive located between saidpaper and said backing substancaand a; continuous layer of stain preventingcoating associated withsaid paper. I

' 11. In combination in the rder named, a layer ol paper' treated sojas, to be non-susceptible to "staininfla' layerlof staining adhesive and a layer of cloth, all in adhesive union. "11 A 1. composite material comprising aQlayer of cloth and a layer; oi creped; paper cemented thereto bynieans oi astaining adhesive and at least one continuous layer oi barrier material impervious to said'adhesive-associated with said MP a. v s

13. In combination a body substance and a layer of paperin adhesive union, a bituminous adhesive layer located between said body substance and saidpaper, a continuous layeroi stain preventing coating associated with said paper layer, and a decorative materiallocated with re- *spect-to said paper layer so as tobe protectedb saidastainpreventing layer, 7 v

a -l4. In combination a, body substance and a layer of creped paper in adhesive union, 2. layer of bitumen serving as the adhesive and located therebetween, and a continuous layer of stain preventing coating associated with said paper 'ing substance and alayer-of creped paper in adhesive uniontherewith, a layer of staining adheqsive'located between said paper and said backing substance, and a continuous layer of barrier material imperviousto said adhesive associated with said paper, said composite material having a decorative coating. 1

' WILLIAM WALLACE ROWE. 

